Dementia affects the brain’s cognitive functions, such as memory, reasoning, coordination, and judgment. As these functions decline, so does the ability to move around safely and efficiently.
One of the key challenges is that individuals with dementia may no longer have the ability to make sound decisions about their physical safety. This means they may not use mobility aids like walkers or wheelchairs correctly, or they may refuse to use them altogether due to confusion, forgetfulness, or a lack of awareness of the risks involved.
For example, someone with dementia may not understand how to properly propel a wheelchair, leading to frustration or physical strain. Similarly, a person may refuse to use a walker, even if it would help them maintain stability and prevent falls.
Cognitive impairments, such as difficulty with judgment and reasoning, can make it harder for them to recognize the potential consequences of not using these aids, or they may simply forget they need them. This makes it even more crucial for caregivers to provide ongoing support and supervision, offering gentle reminders and encouragement to ensure that safety precautions are followed.
In the early stages of dementia, mobility may not be significantly affected. However, as the condition progresses, caregivers will notice that their loved one may start to shuffle when walking, struggle to maintain balance, or need assistance with tasks like dressing, bathing, and using the bathroom. These changes are often gradual but can become more noticeable over time.
Signs of Mobility Issues in Dementia
It’s important to be aware of common signs of mobility problems in individuals with dementia, as these may indicate the need for additional support or interventions such as the use of a hip protector product. Some signs to watch for include:
● Difficulty with balance and coordination: This can include unsteady walking, stumbling, or falling.
● Shuffling steps: Individuals may start to drag their feet or take smaller, slower steps.
● Muscle stiffness: Tight or rigid muscles can make it difficult to move.
● Pain or discomfort when moving: Some individuals may experience joint or muscle pain that makes movement more challenging.
● Avoidance of physical activity: Due to fear of falling or discomfort, your loved one may stop engaging in physical activities they once enjoyed.
The Importance of Exercise and Physical Activity
Maintaining physical activity is one of the most effective ways to support mobility in people with dementia. Regular movement helps keep muscles lubricated and strong, improves circulation, and can reduce the risk of falls. Caregivers can encourage their loved one to stay active with simple, low-impact exercises, such as:
● Walking: Even short walks around the house or yard can help maintain strength and coordination. Walking indoors at a mall or community centre, especially in winter months may help with reducing slips outside.
● Chair exercises: If standing is difficult, seated exercises like leg lifts or arm stretches can still be beneficial.
● Stretching: Gentle stretching can help with flexibility and reduce muscle stiffness.
● Dancing: Dancing to music can be a fun way to keep moving while also stimulating memory and mood.
● Using exercise aids: Resistance bands, soft weights, and small therapy balls are excellent tools for adding variety to exercise routines.
○ Resistance bands can be used for stretching and strength-building exercises.
○ Soft weights are great for building arm and hand strength.
○ Small balls can be used in activities to improve hand-eye coordination, balance, and grip strength.
Creating a Safe Environment for Mobility
As your loved one’s mobility changes, it’s crucial to adapt their living environment to prevent accidents and promote safety. Best to work with an Occupational Therapist (OT) for personalized recommendations. Here are some common ways to modify the home:
● Remove tripping hazards: Clear walkways of clutter, rugs, or cords that can cause trips and falls.
● Install grab bars: Grab bars in bathrooms, near stairs, and in hallways will help to provide extra support.
● Use mobility aids: Depending on your loved one’s abilities, a walker or cane can assist with walking. Ensure that these aids are properly adjusted for comfort and safety.
● Ensure proper lighting: Dim lighting can make it harder to see obstacles, so make sure all rooms, hallways, and staircases are well-lit.
● Use non-slip mats: In areas like bathrooms and kitchens, non-slip mats can help prevent falls.
Offering Emotional Support
The decline in mobility can be frustrating for individuals with dementia, leading to feelings of helplessness, embarrassment, or depression. As a caregiver, it’s important to offer emotional support and reassurance. Acknowledge their feelings, encourage their efforts, and maintain a calm and positive attitude. It’s also important to give your loved one time to move at their own pace, rather than rushing them or pushing them to do more than they are comfortable with.
Supporting the mobility of a loved one with dementia requires patience, understanding, and proactive care. By recognizing the signs of mobility issues early, encouraging physical activity, creating a safe environment, and offering emotional support, you can help your loved one maintain their independence and quality of life for as long as possible. Remember, you don’t have to do it alone—seeking guidance from healthcare professionals when needed is an important part of providing the best care for your loved one.
KareTyrell CPCA, CDCP is a Dementia Consultant, Educator, Author & Advocate, and Founder of Personalized Dementia Solutions Inc. (www.DementiaSolutions.ca). Karen offers her expertise on dementia care through speaking engagements; workshops; support groups (both online and in-person) and by working one-on-one with families/caregivers to provide emotional support and practical solutions. She was also on the design team for The Village Langley (Verve Senior Living) and provides ongoing education to the Village team, families and the community. If you would like to learn more, please feel free to reach out.
DISCLAIMER:
The contents of this blog are provided for information purposes only. They are not intended to replace clinical diagnosis or medical advice from a health professional.
